Confused about block-level scoping

I am confused by block-level scoping. I thought I understood scope in JavaScript, but then I started taking the Intro to ES2015 course and realized I totally don't. Okay, so consider this example:

function foo() {
    const x = 1;
    if (someCondition) {
        const x = 2;
        console.log(x);
    } else {
        console.log(x);
    }
}

In this example, a constant is declared in the top scope of the function, so it is accessible in all sub-blocks. But even though it is accessible in all sub-blocks, redefiningit in a sub-block is still legal. If the else block runs, then 1 will be logged out. But if the if branch is run, the constant will be redefined and 2 will be logged out. I just don't understand how sub-blocks can have access to a constant, but also be able to redefine a constant. This is turning my brain inside out a little. If anyone could help explain the scoping of let and const to me in an intuitive way I would be extremely grateful!